"Non Resident Indian" means a person who is a citizen of India residing outside India for carrying out employment or on business or vocation.
A citizen of any country (other than a citizen of Bangladesh or Pakistan) is deemed to be a Person of Indian Origin (PIO), if
· He, at any time, held an Indian passport, or
· He or either of his parents or any of his grandparents were a citizen of India by virtue of the Constitution of India or Citizenship Act, 1955, or
· A spouse (not being a citizen of Bangladesh or Pakistan or Sri Lanka) of an Indian citizen or of a person of Indian origin is also deemed to be PIO
Overseas Citizenship of India is not a full citizenship of India and thus, does not amount to dual citizenship or dual nationality.
The Central Indian Government, on application, may register any person as an Overseas Citizen of India if that Person is of Indian Origin and is from a country which allows dual citizenship in some form or the other & has never been a citizen of Pakistan or Bangladesh.
Yes, they can purchase shares of an Indian Company through stock exchanges, under the Portfolio Investment Scheme (buying through the secondary market).
· NRIs / PIO / OCI can invest in the Indian stock market on repatriable or on non repatriable basis through the Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS).
· Different bank and demat accounts need to be maintained for repatriable and non repatriable investments.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) oversees the investment positions of NRIs/FIIs in listed Indian companies which are reported by designated banks, on a daily basis. Whenever the total holdings of NRIs/FIIs under the scheme reaches the limit of 2% below the sectoral cap, Reserve Bank issues a notice cautioning the designated banks and its branches to take prior approval from the RBI for any further purchases of shares of the particular Indian company. If the shareholding by NRIs/FIIs reaches the statutory limit, the Reserve Bank places the company in the ban list upon which no NRI can purchase the shares of the company under the Portfolio Investment Scheme.
NRIs are allowed to invest through designated banks (under PINS route) up to 5% of the paid- up capital / paid-up value of each series of equity shares/debentures of listed Indian companies. The overall purchase made by all NRIs cannot exceed 10% or as prescribed by RBI from time to time.
NRIs need not seek permission from the RBI to invest and redeem units in Mutual Funds.
No. NRIs can sell such shares/debentures on the exchange without any approval. However, the bank should be provided with the details regarding date of allotment and cost of acquisition while seeking the credit of sale proceeds to NRE/NRO account.
In order to invest in Equity (secondary market) an NRI would need to open Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS) linked Non Resident External (NRE) or Non Resident Ordinary (NRO) account. To invest in IPO and Mutual Funds an NRI would need Saving linked NRE or NRO account. Investments in Futures & Options can only be made through Saving linked NRO account which also supports investments in IPO and Mutual Funds.
Bank Account Type | Remarks | Equity Investments through Exchange (BSE/NSE) | Futures & Options Investments through Exchange | IPO thru Brokers | Mutual Funds (offline) | Mutual Funds through exchange* | | NRE PIS | account with repatriation benefit | ü | X | X | X | ü | | NRO PIS | account partial repatriation benefit | ü | X | X | X | X | | NRE - Saving | account with repatriation benefit | X | X | ü | ü | X | | NRO-Saving | account partial repatriation benefit | X | ü | ü | ü | X | |
| | | | ü Funds Transactions Allowed in bank account as per RBI & SEBI guidelines | *Subject to RBI approval, RBI clarity awaited | |
| X Funds Transactions Not allowed in bank account as per RBI & SEBI guidelines |
| NOTE - currently RSL allows only NRE PIS transactions (excluding Mutual Funds transactions ). |
| |
NRIs can only make delivery transactions as per RBI guidelines. Intra-day trading is not allowed for NRIs. Short Selling is not permitted.
NRI should open a new bank account (NRE/NRO or both) with a designated bank which is approved by RBI (Reserve Bank of India) for this purpose.
Non Resident External (NRE) account is a Rupee denominated account meant for NRIs which allows repatriation of funds. This means that the funds can be freely sent to any other country. NRE account can contain funds remitted from abroad, or obtained from another NRE / FCNR account maintained in India. The interest earned on deposits in an NRE account is exempt from tax in the hands of the NRI.
Non Resident Ordinary (NRO) account is a Rupee denominated account which allows repatriation of upto 1 million USD. NRI can repatriate up to USD 1 million, for bonafide purposes, per financial year from balances in NRO Accounts subject to payment of applicable taxes. The limit of USD 1 million per year includes sale proceeds of immovable properties held by NRIs/PIO (Person of Indian Origin) for a period of 10 years. In case a property is sold after being held for less than 10 years, remittance can be made if the sale proceeds have been held by the NRI/PIO for the balance period in eligible investments. The interest earned on deposits in an NRO account is taxable in the hands of the NRI as per the applicable income tax slab rates.
| Particulars |
Non-Resident (External) Account |
Non-Resident (Ordinary) Account |
| Who can open an account |
NRIs |
Any person resident outside India |
| Joint account of two or more NRIs |
Permitted |
Permitted |
| Joint account with another person resident in India |
Not Permitted |
Permitted |
| Currency in which account denominated |
Indian Rupees |
Indian Rupees |
| Repatriability: Principal |
Freely repatriable |
Partly repatriable |
| Interest |
Freely repatriable |
Freely repatriable |
| Foreign Currency Risk |
Account holder is exposed the fluctuations in the value of INR |
Account holder is exposed the fluctuations in the value of INR to the extent of interest amount |
| Types of account |
Current, Savings, Fixed Deposits |
Current, Savings, Fixed Deposits |
| Period of fixed deposits |
For the period as announced by the deposit taking bank |
For the period as announced by the deposit taking bank |
| Rate of interest |
Banks are free to determine the interest rates |
Banks are free to determine the interest rates |
Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS) is a scheme of Reserve Bank of India which allows Non Resident Indians (NRIs) to purchase/sell shares/convertible debentures of Indian companies on Stock Exchanges. For this purpose, the NRI has to apply to a designated bank, approved by RBI which deals in Portfolio Investment Scheme. All sale/purchase transactions will be routed through this designated bank. At the end of the day, your trades are reported to the respective designated bank, which in turn would report the same to RBI.
Any NRI or a PIO wanting to trade or make investments in the Indian Equity Secondary Market must have (only) one PIS account with only one designated bank in India. Please note:
· Only Non Resident Indians require PIS account
· PIS account is only for facilitating trades in Indian equity markets and not in foreign markets
· It is not required for making investments in Mutual Funds/IPOs/Derivatives
There are two types of PIS accounts:
· NRE PIS account
· NRO PIS account
For any Indian company the foreign investment into that company cannot cross a certain limit. This limit is different from company to company and sector to sector. These limits have to be monitored under FEMA regulations.
The contract note of the broker should reach PIS department within one working day following the day of transaction for reporting any transaction under PIS.
No. Only the investments made in the secondary markets are to be routed through a PIS account. For other products the investments can be done through direct subscription route.
Yes, funds can be transferred from NRE to NRO account without any restriction.
No, funds cannot be transferred from NRO to NRE account.
If the NRI holding the NRE account returns and becomes a resident of India, the NRE account is converted into a regular resident account.
The repatriation of the sale proceeds, net of taxes, are allowed if the original investments were made out of funds from NRE account or by means of remittance from abroad.
· NRIs should open a Demat Account with Reliance Securities Ltd. to hold his shares and register with Reliance Securities Ltd. to execute his buy/sell orders on the stock exchange(s)
· NRIs should open a new bank account (NRE/NRO or both) with a designated bank which is approved by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for this purpose. Our preferred designated bankers are Federal Bank/ Yes Bank/ Axis Bank/ HDFC Bank
· Customer should apply for a general approval for investment in Indian Stock Market through his designated bank branch.
· NRI Trading Account with Reliance Securities (for Delivery trading on BSE/NSE and for Mutual Funds MFSS/BSE STAR)
· NRI Demat Account with Reliance Securities. (for Demat Holdings purchased and sold )
· NRE PIS linked bank account with any one (Federal Bank, Yes Bank, Axis Bank or HDFC Bank) for investing in Equity/ Mutual Fund segment
A brokerage account is the online broking account with Reliance Securities Ltd. which facilitates buying and selling of shares online. Since the brokerage account is only a facilitator account, it does not require any joint holding or nomination. Brokerage account is opened in the name of the sole holder only.
Demat account is a short form of Dematerialized Account. In a demat account, shares and securities are held electronically instead of the investor taking physical possession of certificates. A demat account is opened by the investor while registering with an investment broker (or sub-broker). The demat account number is quoted for all transactions to enable electronic settlements of trades to take place.
NRI needs to open a Demat account with Reliance Securities Ltd.
Client submits a Dematerialisation Request Form (DRF) along with the physical share certificate to Reliance Securities Ltd, who in turn forwards it to the Registrar & Transfer agent for confirmation from the company. After the confirmation is received the client a/c is credited.
A customer will need to open one NRE PIS Account to invest in Equity.
You can link your NRE PIS account to your Reliance Securities Ltd. brokerage account.
A new demat account in the resident status will have to be opened, securities should be transferred from the NRI demat account to resident account and then close the NRI demat account. Trading member also needs to open a new trading account which needs to be uploaded with the new category code.
No, these shares cannot be transferred into NRE Demat Account.
As per regulatory guidelines, before crediting sales proceeds of equity segment it is the responsibility of the Banks and the PIS cell to determine the appropriate Tax for all profits made in equity market transactions and deduct it at source. Whereas in case of NRO-Saving derivative transactions, the customer is solely responsible for filing his taxes
Shares held for more than 1 year are long term capital, if the same shares are sold after 1 year from the date of its purchase then there will be no long term capital gain tax applicable.
Shares held less than 1 year are short term capital; if the same shares are sold within 1 year from the date of its purchase then the gains from the transactions would be taxed.
For any TDS to be deducted and money to be remitted to bank account, there are three things which have to be verified.
· Profits = Selling price – Purchase price
· Duration of holding (long term or short term) = Selling date – Purchase date
· Source of fund for purchase i.e. NRE or NRO
Important: TDS is deducted only at the time of crediting sales proceeds.
In case of PIS transactions Bank is responsible for filing the Tax returns of the NRI Investors. Whereas in case of NRO-Saving derivative transactions, the customer is solely responsible for filing his taxes
In case the customer already has an NRE/NRO PIS account with Federal Bank, Yes Bank, Axis Bank or HDFC Bank and wants to open a Trading and Demat account with Reliance Securities Ltd., he can do so by filling up the Account Opening Form available in the “Downloads” section of the Reliance securities website (http://www.rsec.co.in/customer-service/download-forms).
The customer can also get in touch with the nearest branch and can ask for a Physical copy of the RSL Account Opening Form
To open Trading & Demat accounts with Reliance Securities, the customer needs to fill, sign up all the above mentioned forms and required Documents & can courier the documents to RSL Central Back office at Chennai:–
Reliance Securities Ltd, No 1/2 Pilliar Kovil Street, MCN Nagar Extension,
Thoraipakkam, Chennai 600 097
LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED BY NRI CLIENT (self attested copies required) |
| Mandatory | PAN Card |
| Original Valid Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS) approval |
Valid Passport * In case of Indian Passport along with copy of Valid visa * In case of Foreign passport along with PIO / OCI card |
| Passport size Photograph signed across the face |
Proof of Identity (Any one) | Valid Passport (Name, Address, Photo Page) |
| Unique Identification Number (UID) (Aadhaar) |
| Valid Driving License (Name, Address, Photo) |
| Voter ID (front and back) |
| PAN Card |
| Others1 (Please Specify)__________________________________________________________ |
Proof of Foreign Address (Any one) | Valid Foreign Passport along with PIO / OCI card (Address Page) |
| Utility bill (gas/ electricity) (not exceeding 3 months) |
| Overseas Bank statement/ pass book (not exceeding 3 months) |
| Overseas Banker's Certificate on the letter head of the Bank containing foreign address (original) |
| Valid Foreign Driving License (Address) |
| Foreign Government issued ID Card |
Proof of Indian Address (Any one) | Valid Passport (Address Page) |
| Valid Driving License (Address) |
| Voter ID (front and back) |
| Residence landline telephone bill (not exceeding 3 months) |
| Utility bill (gas/ electricity) (not exceeding 3 months) |
| Bank pass book/ account statement (not exceeding 2 months) |
| Banker's Certificate on the letter head of the Bank containing address (original) |
| Title deeds of the property duly registered and stamped |
| Registered Lease deed/Rent Agreement / Sale agreement, duly stamped |
| Others* (Please Specify)__________________________________________________________ |
Bank Proof (Any one) | Bank Statement / Bank Passbook with cheque leaf (not exceeding 3 months, seal & signature of Bank Official) | Specifying name of the client, MICR Code or/and IFSC Code of the Bank |
| Banker's Certificate on the letterhead of the Bank (original) |
| Cancelled Personalized Cheque leaf |
| Declaration | Declaration of non solicitation |
·
NRI Customer will have to close his existing PIS NRE and NRO accounts and open new bank accounts with Federal Bank, Yes Bank, Axis Bank or HDFC Bank accord
· Trading/ Demat accounts with Reliance Securities Ltd. can be opened, as per the process described above.
· The customer would also need to apply to his existing designated bank to issue the necessary 'No Objection' certificate that would give details of the latest status of his portfolio as on the date of the issue. This certificate has to be submitted to new bank where customer is willing to shift his NRE / NRO bank account.
It would take a maximum of 14 days (provided copies of the PAN cards of all the demat holders are supplied) from the date the duly filled-in application is received by our office. This also includes the time required by the Bank to grant the necessary approval under the Portfolio Investment Scheme.
Getting a ‘PAN CARD’ is a simple process that can be done online. Please note that PAN card mailing overseas is allowed to some countries. NRIs wanting to apply for a PAN card from abroad can check the list of countries given below.
· Document that has your overseas address on it. The best document to use is your bank statement showing your overseas address.
· Copy of passport.
· 2 Color photograph (size 3.5 cm x 2.5 cm)
· The fee for processing PAN application is Rs.96 (Rs. 85.00 + 12.36% service tax) If communication address is of India
· The fee for processing PAN application is Rs.962.00[(Application fee Rs.85.00 + Dispatch Charges Rs.771.00) + 12.36% service tax]. If communication address is of outside India
· Demand draft and cheque should be drawn in favour of 'NSDL - PAN'.
· Demand draft shall be payable at Mumbai and the acknowledgment number should be mentioned on the reverse of the demand draft
· Payment by Credit Card / Debit Card / Net Banking can be made by / for Self, immediate family members (parents, spouse, children)
· Log on to ONLINE PAN CARD website: https://tin.tin.nsdl.com/pan/form49AA.html
· Scroll down to the bottom of the page where you see: Apply for a new PAN Card' and select Individual from the drop down menu bar.
· Application for Pan Card Form49AA will open.
· Fill in the form. Read Guidelines on filling form and Instructions on filling form if you wish. When filling in the address make sure it is the same overseas address that is shown on your address proof.
· Once the form is filled, review it to ensure everything is correctly filled and click submit.
· An acknowledgement will appear on the screen if form was submitted correctly.
· Print out at least two copies of the acknowledgement. (One copy is for your record)
· Paste your 2 photographs on one of the printouts of acknowledgement and sign in black ink.
· Demand draft shall be payable at Mumbai and the acknowledgment number should be mentioned on the reverse of the demand draft
· Sign on all pages of the photocopies of your passport and your bank statement.
· (Black pages of passport are not required to be copied)
Mail all documents to NSDL, PAN unit at Mumbai.
· You can track the status of your application by using your acknowledgement number.
| No. |
Country |
No. |
Country |
No. |
Country |
| 1 |
Argentina |
36 |
Hong Kong |
71 |
Panama |
| 2 |
Australia |
37 |
Hungary |
72 |
Papua New Guinea |
| 3 |
Austria |
38 |
Iceland |
73 |
Philippines |
| 4 |
Bahrain |
39 |
Indonesia |
74 |
Poland |
| 5 |
Bangladesh |
40 |
Iran, Islamic Republic of |
75 |
Portugal |
| 6 |
Barbados |
41 |
Iraq |
76 |
Qatar |
| 7 |
Belarus |
42 |
Ireland |
77 |
Romania |
| 8 |
Belgium |
43 |
Israel |
78 |
Russian Federation |
| 9 |
Bermuda |
44 |
Italy |
79 |
Rwanda |
| 10 |
Bhutan |
45 |
Japan |
80 |
Samoa |
| 11 |
Botswana |
46 |
Jordan |
81 |
Saudi Arabia |
| 12 |
Brazil |
47 |
Kenya |
82 |
Senegal |
| 13 |
Brunei Darussalam |
48 |
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of |
83 |
Singapore |
| 14 |
Bulgaria |
49 |
Korea, Republic of |
84 |
South Africa |
| 15 |
Cambodia |
50 |
Kuwait |
85 |
Spain |
| 16 |
Canada |
51 |
Latvia |
86 |
Sri Lanka |
| 17 |
Cape Verde |
52 |
Luxembourg |
87 |
Sudan |
| 18 |
Cayman Islands |
53 |
Macao |
88 |
Sweden |
| 19 |
China |
54 |
Malawi |
89 |
Switzerland |
| 20 |
Cuba |
55 |
Malaysia |
90 |
Taiwan, Province of China |
| 21 |
Cyprus |
56 |
Maldives |
91 |
Tanzania, United Republic of |
| 22 |
Denmark |
57 |
Mauritius |
92 |
Thailand |
| 23 |
Egypt |
58 |
Mexico |
93 |
Tunisia |
| 24 |
El Salvador |
59 |
Mongolia |
94 |
Turkey |
| 25 |
Eritrea |
60 |
Morocco |
95 |
Uganda |
| 26 |
Estonia |
61 |
Namibia |
96 |
Ukraine |
| 27 |
Ethiopia |
62 |
Nauru |
97 |
United Arab Emirates |
| 28 |
Fiji |
63 |
Nepal |
98 |
United Kingdom |
| 29 |
Finland |
64 |
Netherlands |
99 |
United States of America |
| 30 |
France |
65 |
New Zealand |
100 |
Uruguay |
| 31 |
Georgia |
66 |
Niger |
101 |
Viet Nam |
| 32 |
Germany |
67 |
Nigeria |
102 |
Yemen |
| 33 |
Ghana |
68 |
Norway |
103 |
Zair |
| 34 |
Greece |
69 |
Oman |
104 |
Zambia |
| 35 |
Guyana |
70 |
Pakistan |
105 |
Zimbabwe |
NRI/PIO/OCIs are permitted to invest in exchange traded derivative contracts subject to the margin and other regulatory requirements. In addition, NRIs ares subject to the following position limits:
| |
Index Options |
Index Futures |
Stock Options |
Single stock Futures |
| NRI level |
Disclosure requirement for any person or persons acting in concert holding 15% or more of the open interest of all derivative contracts on a particular underlying index |
Disclosure requirement for any person or persons acting in concert holding 15% or more of the open interest of all derivative contracts on a particular underlying index |
1% of free float market capitalization or 5% of open interest on a particular underlying whichever is higher |
1% of free float market capitalization or 5% of open interest on a particular underlying whichever is higher |
It is an instrument that gives NRIs an opportunity to earn greater profits by paying a nominal amount of margin.
Yes. All NRI/PIO/OCIs are allowed to trade in Derivatives subject to country specific regulatory norms
Derivatives product evolved as a risk management instrument, can benefit the trade in the below mentioned ways:
Hedging: Trader can restrict the potential losses and can protect his investments/assets from market movements.
Speculation: He can take the advantage of short term movements in market, where he will pay the margin amount and keep the position open till expiry of that contract.
Arbitrage: He can take the advantage to price differentiation between the cash and the derivative market.
An option contract gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation to buy/sell an underlying asset at a pre-determined price on expiry. The option buyer acquires a right, while the option seller takes on an obligation. The underlying asset for option contracts may be stocks, indices.
Option premium is the consideration paid upfront by the option holder (buyer of the option) to the option writer (seller of the option). The option holder gets the right to buy / sell the underlying asset.
The right or obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset is always at a pre-decided price known as the ‘strike price’ or ‘exercise price’, which is linked to the prevailing price of the underlying asset in the cash market. Usually, option contracts are available on the underlying asset on various strike prices (generally, five or more)-divided equally on either side of its spot price.
NRI/PIO/OCIs are permitted to invest in exchange traded derivative contracts subject to the margin and other regulatory requirements. In addition, NRIs ares subject to the following position limits:
| |
Index Options |
Index Futures |
Stock Options |
Single stock Futures |
| NRI level |
Disclosure requirement for any person or persons acting in concert holding 15% or more of the open interest of all derivative contracts on a particular underlying index |
Disclosure requirement for any person or persons acting in concert holding 15% or more of the open interest of all derivative contracts on a particular underlying index |
1% of free float market capitalization or 5% of open interest on a particular underlying whichever is higher |
1% of free float market capitalization or 5% of open interest on a particular underlying whichever is higher |
It is an instrument that gives NRIs an opportunity to earn greater profits by paying a nominal amount of margin.
How do options differ from futures?
An option buyer's upside potential is unlimited, while his losses are limited to the premium paid. For the option seller, on the other hand, his maximum profits are limited to the premium received, while his loss potential is unlimited. In case of future, both buyer and seller of future contract have the potential of unlimited profit and losses.
Options:
| |
Call |
Put |
| Buy |
- Unlimited Profit
- Limited Loss |
- Unlimited Profit
- Limited Loss |
| Sell |
- Limited Profit
- Unlimited Loss |
- Limited Profit
- Unlimited Loss |
Future:
| |
Future |
| Buy |
- Unlimited Profit
- Limited Loss |
| Sell |
- Limited Profit
- Unlimited Loss |
Lot size refers to number of underlying securities in one contract. The lot size is determined keeping in mind the minimum contract size requirement at the time of introduction of derivative contracts on a particular underlying asset.
For example, if shares of company ABC is quoted at Rs.2000/- and the minimum contract size is Rs.2 lacs, then the lot size for that particular scrips stands to be 200000/2000 = 100 shares i.e. one contract of company ABC will have 100 shares.
There are two kinds of derivative instruments, which are currently offered to NRIs in Indian capital markets:
·
Futures : Index Futures & Stock Futures
·
Option : Index Options & Stock Options
NRIs can trade in Derivatives through their NRO-saving account, Currently RSL has exclusive tie-up with Federal Bank, Yes Bank and Axis Bank and HDFC Bank for settling transactions. NRI clients can open NRO-Saving bank account with any of these banks. If NRI customer already has NRO-Saving bank account with any of these banks then he/she can approach RSL with his bank details for opening his derivative account.
For trading account, if he is:
Existing Customer
· He needs to submit his Derivative activation request along with required proofs and documents to activate derivative trading.
· He needs to register for Custodial Participant code with SHCIL*.
New Customer
New customer can open Equities and Derivative account simultaneously along with registration for Custodial Participant code; he can submit his request in prescribed format to any Reliance Securities branch.
*As per regulatory guidelines, NRIs derivative trade must be settled through Custodial Participant, for this purpose RSL has exclusive ti-up with Stock Holding Corporation of India (SHCIL) for clearing derivative trades executed by their NRI clients.
Client desirous of trading in derivatives segment need to submit these documents for getting his derivative segment activated and registration with Custodial Participant (CP):
·
Application for NRI Custodial Participation code
·
Passport Declaration
·
Clearing Member, Trading Member and Constituent
·
Clearing Member - Custodial Participant Agreement
·
Tariff consent letter
·
Two photographs
·
Notarized copy of Passport & issued from
·
Bank declaration for NRO a/c no and address
·
Pan card copy duly notarized (2 copies)
·
Proof of foreign address & local address
·
Visa permit
· Nationality proof (if no proof then RBI letter)
· Income proof
NOC from existing member would be required if already registered for trading in Derivatives with any other Trading Member.
No. The address in the Derivatives registration form and the existing trading account (if any) has to be the same. In case he wishes to change his address then he first needs to get the new address updated in his existing Equity account with Reliance Securities.
Client will receive an e-mail confirmation on successful registration for derivatives and creation of CP (Custodial Participant) code.
At the time of account opening, client will provide a margin amount for derivative segment.
Once client is registered for Derivatives (with RSL and Custodial), he can login into his account and start trading in Derivatives.
Yes. After Market Orders (AMO) orders are allowed to be placed in derivatives segment with a limit price and will be sent to the exchange on behalf of client on the next trading day once the market opens.
Currently Collateral limit is not allowed for NRI clients.
This FAQ is prepared based on Reliance Security Ltd's (RSL) understanding of SEBI / FEMA regulations /Income Tax Act. While utmost care has been exercised, while developing the FAQs, RSL does not warrant the completeness or accuracy of the information and disclaims all liabilities, losses and damages arising out of the use of this information. The readers are requested to keep abreast of the changes taking place in the underlying provisions of FEMA/SEBI regulations / Income Tax Act.